Minimum Substitutions to Remove Adjacent Duplicates

For each word in a list of words, if any two adjacent characters are equal, change one of them. Determine the minimum number of substitutions so the final string contains no adjacent equal characters.

Minimum Removals to Make Array Almost Sorted

An array of integers is almost sorted if at most one element can be deleted from it to make it perfectly sorted in ascending order.

For example, the following arrays are almost sorted because they have 0 or 1 elements out of place:

[2, 1, 7]
[13]
[9, 2]
[1, 5, 6]

The following arrays are not almost sorted because they have more than one element out of place:

[4, 2, 1]
[1, 2, 6, 4, 3]

Given an array of n unique integers, determine the minimum number of elements to remove so it becomes almost sorted.

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